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Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding 2,512 solutions Human Resource Management15th EditionJohn David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine 249 solutions Biology1st EditionKenneth R. Miller, Levine 2,591 solutions 1 Which of the choices below is not a source of glucose during the postabsorptive state? A) lipolysis in adipose tissues and the liver B) catabolism of cellular protein C) glycogenolysis in the liver D) absorption of glucose from the GI tract D) absorption of glucose from the GI tract 2 What is the outcome of ketosis? 3 Which of the following is a common feature of the both sets of reactions represented by the letters A and B in the figure? A) Both include steps involving the oxidation of organic molecules. B) Both include steps involving reactions that result in the release of carbon dioxide. C) Both include steps involving the hydrolysis of organic molecules. D) Both sets of reactions occur within the mitochondria. Both sets of reactions occur in the cytoplasm. Both include steps involving the oxidation of organic molecules. 4 Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin? A) vitamin A B) vitamin D C) vitamin K D) vitamin B 5 Which of the following best defines negative nitrogen balance? A) A negative nitrogen balance is normal and is a way of maintaining homeostasis. B) It is a condition usually caused by having a diet low in fish and meat. C) Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis. D) It occurs when amino acids are broken down by liver enzymes and carried to the bloodstream. C) Protein breakdown exceeds protein synthesis. 6 __________ are considered "bad" cholesterol; high blood levels are believed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. 7 Which of the choices below happens during the absorptive state? A) Only glucose metabolism occurs. B) No metabolism occurs. C) Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones. D) Catabolic processes exceed anabolic ones. C) Anabolic processes exceed catabolic ones. 8 When a person's hypothalamic thermostat is set to a higher level and the actual body temperature is below that level, the person may ________. A) pant B) perspire heavily C) shiver D) exhibit vasodilation of skin vessel 9 T/F: A growing child is likely to exhibit negative nitrogen balance. 10 Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose 11 Formation of glucose from proteins or fats 12 Storage of glucose in the form of glycogen 13 Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid 14 ___ molecules are broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell. 15 Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work? 16 Proton pumps within the electron transport chain transport H+ ions ______. From matrix to intermembrane space 17 Which hormone is called the "metabolic" hormone? 18 As the body progresses from the absorptive to the postabsorptive state, only the ________ continues to burn glucose while every other organ in the body mostly switches to fatty acids. 19 Anabolism includes reactions in which ________. larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones 20 Many factors influence BMR. What is the most critical factor? The ratio of surface area to volume (weight) of the body 21 Conditions that promote the oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids include ________. excessive amounts of protein in the diet 22 Neurons and red blood cells rely exclusively on __________ to meet their energy needs. 23 Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration. Glycolysis -> Acetyl CoA -> Citric Acid Cycle -> Electron Transport Chain 24 What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy 25 Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? A) electron transport chain B) ATP production by ATP synthase C) acetyl CoA formation D) glycolysis E) citric acid cycle 26 In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? 27 Which statement describes glycolysis? This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. 28 Which statement describes the citric acid cycle? This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. 29 Which statement describes the electron transport chain? This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. 30 In gluconeogenesis, during the postabsorptive state, amino acids and ________ are converted to glucose. 31 __________ is a substance in food used by the body to promote normal growth, maintenance, and repair. 32 The movement of H+ through the ATP synthase is best described as an example of ______. 33 Which of the following is represented by the "membrane" indicated in the figure? A) nuclear membrane B) outer mitochondrial membrane C) inner mitochondrial membrane D) plasma membrane C) inner mitochondrial membrane 34 __________ is the key hormone regulator of the absorptive state. 35 Which of the following is a normal consequence of the activation of the heat-promoting center? 36 The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is ________. 37 The amount of ________ produced is probably the most important hormonal factor in determining BMR. 38 The hyperglycemia that occurs during diabetes mellitus is accompanied by ______. 39 Which hormone directs essentially all events of the absorptive state? 40 Which term describes the breakdown of stored fats into glycerol and fatty acids? 41 Which of the following is NOT an essential role of the liver? 42 Heat-loss mechanisms do not include ________. vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels 43 Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria? A) glycolysis B) formation of malic acid from fumaric acid C) electron transport D) Krebs cycle 44 Heavy sweating can induce heat cramps due to ______. A) abnormal electrolyte levels in muscle cells B) abnormal electrolyte levels in neurons C) abnormal electrolyte levels in interstitial fluid D) All of the listed responses are correct. D) All of the listed responses are correct 45 Heat transfer into the chair you are sitting on. 46 Heat loss during sweating 47 heat loss in the form of infrared waves 48 Heat exchange when you are under a ceiling fan 49 Which of the choices below is not a mechanism of heat production? A) shivering B) sweating C) enhanced thyroxine release D) vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels 50 When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of ________. 51 Which of the following pathways act as a source for the electrons carried by the NADH and FADH2 molecules shown in this figure? Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 52 Which nutrients are the most important anabolic nutrients? 53 Which of the following is a characteristic of the electron transport chain (ETC)? A) The ETC occurs in the mitochondria. B) The final electron acceptor in the ETC is water. C) NADH is a product of the ETC. D) The electron transport chain is an anaerobic pathway A) The ETC occurs in the mitochondria. 54 The term basal metabolic rate reflects the ________. energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities 55 The "proton pumps" indicated in the figure are physically associated with ______. The electron transport chain 56 Which of the following is following is a true statement regarding the reactions indicated by the letters F and G? Both reactions F and G involve the transfer of a phosphate group from an organic substrate to ADP. 57 Glucose can be obtained from ________. 58 Which of the following would decrease body temperature? A) dilation of cutaneous blood vessels B) shivering C) enhanced thyroxine release D) eating a large meal A) dilation of cutaneous blood vessels 59 Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is ________. transferred to a keto acid 60 Which of the following is NOT a pathway in the oxidation of glucose? A) glycolysis B) electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation C) gluconeogenesis D) Krebs cycle 61 Which of the following molecules is most directly involved in the transfer of "energy from food" to the "proton pumps" depicted in this figure? A) oxygen B) carbon dioxide C) ATP D) NADH E) ADP 62 Which hormone directs essentially all the events of the absorptive state? A) thyroid hormone B) epinephrine C) growth hormone D) insulin 63 Synthesis of lipids from glucose or amino acids 64 Splitting of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids 65 Conversion of fatty acids into acetyl groups 66 Formation of ketone bodies 67 __________ refers to reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. 68 In the liver, the amine group of glutamic acid is removed as ________ in the oxidative state. 69 Oxidative deamination takes place in the ________. 70 Which of the choices below is not a major route of heat exchange? A) shivering B) evaporation C) radiation D) conduction/convection 71 What is the primary function of cellular respiration - its end-purpose? 72 Which of the following statements regarding the electron transport chain is FALSE? Each enzyme complex in the electron transport chain catalyzes the conversion of oxygen to water. 73 Minerals required by the body in moderate amounts include all but which of the following? 74 Glycogen is formed in the liver during the ________. 75 The primary function of cellular respiration is to ________. break down food molecules and generate ATP 76 In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following except ________. 77 Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________. glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors 78 The most abundant dietary lipids are ________. 79 T/F: Most ATP in cellular respiration is generated in glycolysis. 80 Which of the following is a common feature of the processes indicated by both letters D and E? A) movement of organic food molecules between catabolic pathways B) movement of pyruvic acid into the mitochondria C) movement of hydrogen atoms associated with NADH D) movement of phosphate groups associated with ADP C) movement of hydrogen atoms associated with NADH 81 Glycolysis occurs in the __________ of cells and is an __________ process. 82 Catabolism would be best described as a process that ________. breaks down complex structures to simpler ones 83 Frostbite is LEAST likely to occur in the skin of a body region (e.g., abdominal region, finger region, etc.) that ______. is closer to the heart than skin of a body region that is farther from the heart 84 Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? A) gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis B) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation C) glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain D) lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation B) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation 85 The term metabolism is best defined as ________. the sum of biochemical reactions involved in building and breaking down molecules 86 Hank, a 17-year-old high school student, suffered a heart attack during a recreational swim. An autopsy revealed that he had had atherosclerosis and that his death had been caused by coronary artery disease. What might have been the cause of this disease that usually strikes a person much older than Hank? He suffered from familial hypercholesterolemia. 87 During ketosis caused by inadequate ingestion of carbohydrates, ______. the glycogen content of the liver is reduced 88 The body's rate of kilocalorie consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities is called the __________. Which of the following is a common feature of both sets of reactions represented by A and B in the figure quizlet?Which of the following is a common feature of both sets of reactions represented by A and B in the figure? Both include steps involving the hydrolysis of organic molecules.
What serves as the direct energy source for the proton pumps in oxidative phosphorylation quizlet?What serves as the energy source for the proton pumps in oxidative phosphorylation? Manufacture of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Where do the processes indicated by the letter C occur quizlet?Where do the processes indicated by the letter C occur? Locations of key reaction pathways and ATP production within the cell.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the reactions indicated by letters F and G?Which of the following is a true statement regarding the reactions indicated by the letters F and G? Both reactions involve the transfer of electrons from an organic substrate to the molecule ATP. Together, the reactions indicated by the letters F and G produce most of the ATP synthesized during cellular respiration.
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Which of the following is represented by the membrane indicated in the figure?
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